Tuesday, July 10, 2012

Today in Labor History—July 10


Striking Railroad Workers Confronting National Guard
 July 10, 1894 – The Pullman strike was put down by 14,000 federal and state troops. Over the course of the strike, federal troops killed 34 American Railway Union members in the Chicago area. Eugene Debs and many others were imprisoned during the strike for violating injunctions. (From the Daily Bleed)

July 10, 1902 –A coal mine explosion in Johnstown, Pennsylvania killed 112 workers. (From the Daily Bleed)

July 10, 1917 – The Jerome Deportation occurred in Arizona, a precursor to the more infamous Bisbee Deportation that occurred on July 12, 1917. (From the Daily Bleed)

Monday, July 9, 2012

Louisiana Illegally Fired 7,500 Teachers


In June, Judge Ethel S. Julien ruled that the Orleans Parish School Board and the Louisiana Department of Education illegally fired 7,500 school employees in their attempt to “reform” their education system, according to the New York Times.

The judge’s ruling was influenced by the state superintendent’s request for billions in federal dollars to pay employees made jobless by Hurricane Katrina.  Instead, the state-run Recovery School District gained control of virtually all New Orleans schools and most of their operating budget, while the requested federal funds were funneled to the recovery district.

In December, 2005, with almost no budget remaining, the local school board fired 7,500 school employees who were on “disaster leave without pay.” This was in violation of state law which required the board to show just cause before firing a tenured teacher and provide hearings for each fired teacher. Furthermore, once the smoke had cleared, many of the schools reopened as charter schools, hiring nonunionized outsiders instead of the illegally fired teachers.

The class action suit involves 6,900 people and is pending a likely appeal. If it survives, awards will range from $48,000 to $480,000, based on the difference between the money they earned after Katrina and the money they would have earned, in pay and benefits, had they not been fired.

Today in Labor History—July 9


Women and children taking a cannon to the barricades during the Paris Commune
July 9, 1906 – Gabriel-Constant Martin (1839-1906) died. Gabriel-Constant Martin was a teacher and elected member of the Paris Commune and the First International. (From the Daily Bleed)

July 9, 1917 -- Federal troops raided the IWW hall in Yakima, Washington. (From the Daily Bleed)

July 9, 1935 – The first Transport Workers Union (TWU) strike began in protest of the dismissals of six car cleaners who refused work speed-up. All were reinstated. (From the Daily Bleed)

July 9, 1947 – The Greek government ordered the arrest of 11,500 people on charges of plotting a Communist revolution. (From the Daily Bleed)

July 9, 1951 – Dashiell Hammett was sentenced to six months' imprisonment for refusing to cooperate with the US House of Representatives Committee on Un-American Activities' (HUAC) inquiries into domestic "subversion." (From the Daily Bleed)

July 9, 1952  - The first U.S. mine safety law was enacted to prevent mine disasters. (From Workday Minnesota)

July 9, 1978 – 100,000 marched in Washington, D.C. for ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. (From the Daily Bleed)

Sunday, July 8, 2012

Today in Labor History—July 8

July 8, 1842 – The first anthracite coal strike in the nation occurred. (From the Daily Bleed)

July 8, 1875—Ernst Bloch was born. Bloch was a Marxist utopian who was influential in the student movements of 1968 and liberation theology. (From the Daily Bleed)

Saturday, July 7, 2012

Today in Labor History—July 7


July 7, 1903 – The "March of the Mill Children" began, led by Mary Harris “Mother” Jones, from Philadelphia to Teddy Roosevelt’s summer home in Oyster Bay, Long Island. The goal of the march was to publicize the terrible conditions for children laborers and to demand a 55 hour work week.

July 7, 1882 - Striking longshoremen in New York City held a meeting to plan how to keep new immigrants from scabbing on them. They were successful, at least temporarily, as 500 newly arrived Jews marched straight from the ship to the union hall on July 14. The following day, 250 Italian immigrants stopped scabbing on the railroad and joined the union. (From Workday Minnesota)

Friday, July 6, 2012

More Testing for Teachers?


This week, Good Education asked, “Do We Need a 'Bar Exam' For Teachers?”

Of course this is completely absurd. While exams are very good at determining whether one remembers a bunch of arcane regulations, rules and laws, teachers do not need to know this kind of stuff. On the other hand, teachers already have to pass relatively challenging comprehensive high stakes exams in most states to demonstrate their content knowledge. More importantly, the things that matter most in education (e.g., ability to build a positive rapport with students, design and implement creative and engaging lesson plans, create a safe and supportive learning environment) are difficult or impossible to assess by means of a pen and paper exam.

According to Good Education, American Federation of Teachers president, Randi Weingharten, recently suggested that implementing a “bar exam” for prospective teachers might improve the quality and status of American teachers. To her credit, when challenged on her proposal, Weingarten clarified that she meant more than a multiple choice exam and suggested some sort of “clinical” test, which presumably could include observations of student and or probationary teachers.

While such an exam could conceivably be designed and implemented in such a way that prospective teachers were objectively assessed for their skill in front of students, the likelihood of this occurring is very slim in the current climate of punitive education reform and general defunding of public education. There just simply isn’t the money to train and hire sufficient objective 3rd-party evaluators to make these classroom observations.

Leaving it to site administrators is certainly possible—it would merely be an extension of their existing evaluation responsibilities. The problem here is that most administrators already lack the time and training to do this well and, as the executives of their respective schools, they have an inherent bias that could undermine prospective teachers’ chances of earning their credentials or compels some to substitute what they think their administrators want for good teaching methods.

Perhaps most significant in this debate is not the way such an exam would be designed or implemented, but the presumption that making it harder to become a teacher will somehow get the Ed Deformers to back off and take us more seriously.

The attacks on teachers have virtually no basis in any factual or real deficit in the profession. Rather, they are exaggerations and fabrications designed to muster public support for preconceived profit-making schemes. For example, “tenure and seniority protect bad teachers,” is a popularly-believed but inaccurate statement designed to rally support for abolishing tenure and seniority, which itself is intended to weaken union protections and the unions themselves. Weakening or destroying the teachers unions indirectly weakens the union movement as the public sector is one of the few remaining sectors of the economy that still has many unionized workers.

Making it tougher to become a teacher will not change this. The corporate education profiteers will continue to find new ways to make a buck off of public education and they will continue to see the teachers and their unions as the biggest obstacle, using whatever propaganda necessary to achieve their aims. This will almost certainly continue to include the denigration of teachers and the profession.

Today in Labor History—July 6



6th Regiment Attacking Striking Railworkers
July 6, 1877 – A strike against the Baltimore Ohio railroad led to a series of strikes across the northeast, known as the Great Railway Strike of 1877 (or the Great Upheaval). Federal troops were called out for the first time in a labor dispute, helping to crush the strike. As many as 100 workers were killed and over 200 were injured in the wave of strikes occurring throughout the country: (Soures: Modern School; UE News; Howard Zinn; Brecher, Jeremy., Strike!, 1997. ISBN 0-89608-570-8 and Shmoop Labor History)

July 6, 1889 - Striking construction workers in Duluth were shot down by the police. The workers, mostly immigrants, went on strike when contractors reneged on an agreement to pay them $1.75 a day. Mayor John Sutphin ordered police to keep strikers away from scabs, leading to fighting between strikers and police. There was an hour-long gun fight on the corner of 20th Avenue West and Michigan Street that killed two strikers and one bystander and wounded an estimated 30 strikers. The police eventually suppressed the strike through violence. (From Workday Minnesota)
Shield used by striking steelworkers as they shot their homemade cannon at Pinkertons
 July 6, 1892 – Locked out workers out at the Homestead Steel Works battled 300 Pinkerton detectives hired by Carnegie, who owned the Homestead mill. The Pinkertons were there to import and protect scabs brought in to replace striking workers and opened fire on the striking steelworkers who defended themselves with guns and a homemade cannon. 3-7 Pinkertons and 11 union members were killed in the battle. The strike lasted for months, court injunctions eventually helped to crush the union, protecting the steel industry for decades from organized labor. Alexander Berkman and Emma Goldman plotted to assassinate Homestead Boss Henry Clay Frick for his role in killing the workers. Berkman later carried out the assassination attempt, failed, and spent years in prison. (From Workday Minnesota, Daily Bleed and Shmoop Labor History)

July 6, 1911 – Wobby and anarchist labor organizer Joe Hill's song "The Preacher & the Slave" first appeared in the IWW’s Little Red Song Book.
Long-haired preachers come out every night,
Try to tell you what's wrong and what's right;
But when asked how 'bout something to eat
They will answer in voices so sweet
Joe Hill

Chorus
You will eat, bye and bye,
In that glorious land above the sky;
Work and pray, live on hay,
You'll get pie in the sky when you die

And the Starvation Army, they play,
And they sing and they clap and they pray,
Till they get all your coin on the drum,
Then they tell you when you're on the bum

(Chorus)

Workingmen of all countries, unite
Side by side we for freedom will fight
When the world and its wealth we have gained
To the grafters we'll sing this refrain
Chorus
(From the Daily Bleed)

July 6, 1926 – IRT subway workers struck in NYC, protesting the forced signing of yellow-dog contracts which mandated they join company union. (From the Daily Bleed)