Showing posts with label Wobblies. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Wobblies. Show all posts

Thursday, June 27, 2013

Today in Labor History—June 27


Emma Goldman's Magazine, Mother Earth


June 27, 1869 - Anarchist, feminist and labor activist Emma Goldman was born in Lithuania. (From Workday Minnesota and the Daily Bleed)
Helen Keller, 1904
 June 27, 1880 – Helen Keller, the deaf, mute and blind author and socialist, was born (1880-1968), Tuscumbia, Alabama. (From the Daily Bleed)
June 27, 1893 – The U.S. Stock Market crashed, initiating a four-year depression. During this depression, labor and strike activity escalated, as demonstrated in the great Pullman Strike of 1894. (From the Daily Bleed)

June 27, 1905 - The Industrial Workers of the World, also known as the “Wobblies,” the radical syndicalist union, was founded at Brand's Hall, in Chicago, Illinois. The Wobblies, advocate industrial unionism, with all workers in a particular industry organized in the same union, as opposed by the trade unions typical today. (From Workday Minnesota and the Daily Bleed)

June 27, 1905 –The mutiny on the Russian battleship Potemkin officially began, with the crew killing the worst of the officers. They sailed on to Odessa (June 30) where the workers were on strike, then escaped to Rumania where they obtained political asylum. (From the Daily Bleed)
Potemkin mutiny leader Matuschenko (center), 1899
 June 27, 1935 - Congress passed the Wagner Act, authored by Senator Robert Wagner of New York. Also known as the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), the legislation created the structure for collective bargaining in the United States. (From Workday Minnesota)

Thursday, April 18, 2013

Today in Labor History: April 18


Clarence Darrow, 1922 (Library of Congress)
April 18, 1857 - Clarence Darrow was born. Darrow was the lawyer who defended Eugene V. Debs and the Wobblies, as well as John Scopes, the teacher who was prosecuted for teaching evolution in the famous "Scopes Monkey Trial." (From Workday Minnesota)

April 18, 1888 - The 260 women laborers at Shotwell, Clerihew & Lothman walked out of the clothing factory in downtown Minneapolis to protest a pay cut. They became known as the “striking maidens of 1888,” inspiring women in the cause of social justice. (From Workday Minnesota)

April 18, 1906--The Great San Francisco earthquake struck, killing over 500 people and making over 250,000 people homeless.
 
April 18, 1908 – The IWW poem We Have Fed You All For A Thousand Years was published in the Industrial Union Bulletin. (From the Daily Bleed and the IWW)

We have fed you all for a thousand years
& you hail us still unfed
Though there's never a dollar of all your wealth
But marks the workers dead
We have yielded our best to give you rest
& you lie on crimson wool
But if blood be the price of all your wealth
Good God we have paid in full...

April 18, 1912 – The National Guard was called out against striking West Virginia coal miners, initiating one of the most violent strikes in the nation's history (50 people were killed). UMWA miners were demanding to be paid the same as other area miners in the area and to have their union recognized. (From the Daily Bleed)

April 18, 1941-- New York bus companies agreed to hire black workers following a 4-week boycott.
(From the Daily Bleed)
 
April 18, 1977 – Native American activist Leonard Peltier was found guilty of murdering two FBI agents, in a kangaroo court dead set on locking the American Indian Movement activist up for life. Government witnesses testified that he was not even present at the scene of the killings. He was framed by undercover FBI agents who were present on the reservation to conduct counterintelligence. (From the Daily Bleed and the Leonard Peltier site).

Leonard Peltier is still in prison and his health is deteriorating. There is a petition to get him transferred from prison to Mayo clinic in Minnesota.

Tuesday, April 9, 2013

CTA Overwhelmingly Supports Easing Teacher Dismissal Rules



Teachers Unions: Protecting the Bosses at Teachers’ Expense
A common misperception is that unions exist to protect the interests of workers. If this were true, if unions really fought vigorously for the interests of workers, they would not be tolerated at all. The fact that they are legal, and that a large body of laws has been written to regulate their activities, is evidence of their acceptance by the employing class. Indeed, they serve the interests of the employing class by acting as intermediaries that help maintain the peace between employers and workers, keeping them on the job and working efficiently.

When looked at from this perspective, it should come as no surprise that the California Teachers Association (CTA is the state’s largest teachers union) is giving its unconditional support to new legislation that would make it easier to fire teachers. Assembly Bill 375, written by Democrat Joan Buchanan, has already received unanimous approval by the Assembly’s Education Committee and overwhelming support by both parties. It has also been praised by the CTA:

“We support AB 375 and AB 1338 because the bills reflect CTA’s goals to keep students safe, safeguard the integrity of the profession, and protect the rights of educators. CTA supports these bills because they provide immediate protections for students and streamline and shorten the dismissal process to ensure charges are handled fairly and in a timely manner. We commend Assembly Education Committee Chair Joan Buchanan for her hard work in developing the legislation and Senator Alex Padilla for signing on as co-author. We look forward to working with lawmakers as these bills make their way through the legislative process.”

The bills stem from the mass hysteria that there are rampant perverts in the classroom and the unions are somehow complicit in protecting them—a panic fed by the arrest of Mark Berndt (LAUSD) last year from for engaging in lewd acts with students, and accusations by University of California, Berkeley swim coach, Kristen Cunnane (among many others), that former Moraga science teacher Dan Witters and physical education instructor Julie Corea had molested them. (Witters committed suicide and Corea is serving an 8-year prison sentence for rape and sexual battery of students).

As tragic (and frightening for parents) as these cases are, there is no evidence that molestation in the schools is any worse now than in the past or that the unions bear any culpability. However, there is ample evidence in both these cases (and in many other school molestation cases) that the perpetrators were either protected by their school districts or that credible accusations and evidence against them were ignored, covered up or lost by their districts. Legislation that streamlines the firing of teachers does nothing to mitigate these problems or make children any safer, nor does it eliminate districts’ incentive to protect their reputations at the expense of children’s safety.

Weakening Due Process for Teachers Contributes to Declining Union Membership
In addition to doing nothing to protect children, these bills significantly weaken teachers’ due process rights, thus increasing the chances that innocent and excellent teachers will be dismissed. The bills allow the use of evidence older than four years if a judge deems it “relevant”—a nebulous term that leaves open the possibility that a teacher will be punished a second time for small infractions or oversights (e.g., using district websites to check personal email) that have no effect on their skill as teachers. The new rules would also weaken the discovery process and pretrial evidence-gathering proceedings, further eroding teachers’ due process protections and chances of beating a spurious accusation.

Furthermore, the legislation is not limited to violations of the law or accusations of abuse and molestation. The new rules also streamline and speed up the dismissal process for teachers deemed “unsatisfactory.” As districts increasingly adopt evaluation systems that assess teachers based on their students’ test scores (using methods that are notoriously unreliable), districts could soon have skyrocketing numbers of “unsatisfactory” teachers to dismiss, thus making a quicker dismissal process all the more urgent.

The wording of AB 375 explicitly states that the number of teacher dismissal proceedings will increase under the new rules: “these revisions would increase the number of employees subject to immediate placement on compulsory leave of absence. . .”  This could lead to declining union membership if an equal number of unionized teachers are not rehired to replace them. With the Parent Trigger law and No Child Left Behind rules requiring failing schools to adopt “reforms” that include charter school conversion, it is entirely feasible that schools with large numbers of dismissed teachers could be converted into nonunionized charter schools.

Making Public Education More Profitable to Capital
Buchanan supported her bill by saying that districts don’t issue more dismissal notices because they don’t want to spend the money. Thus, one goal of the new legislation is to reduce education expenditures, something that allows the state to reduce overall education spending and maintain record low tax rates for businesses and the wealthy.

However, implicit in Buchanan’s statement is the assumption that there are hordes of rotten apples hidden in classrooms throughout the state—bad apples who, more often than not, are only guilty of being outspoken advocates for children, critics of idiotic “reforms,” union organizers, or veterans at the higher end of the pay scale. An unspoken (and likely the most urgent) goal of the legislation is to make it easier to get rid of the teachers who cost their districts the most in salaries, time or trouble.

Some other troubling aspects of the legislation include the sweeping, overly broad and moralistic definitions of misconduct that could result in a teacher’s firing. Under the law, teachers can still be dismissed for “immoral” conduct—another nebulous term that could include polyamory, drunkenness, or other behaviors that occur outside of school or that do not affect performance in the classroom.

While the new legislation would eliminate prohibitions on membership in the Communist Party (which apparently is still an offense for which teachers in California can be fired), it will maintain the antiquated and anti-union prohibition against committing or advocating “criminal syndicalism.” Curiously, while California’s 1919 Criminal Syndicalism Act was repealed in 1991, its prohibitions are maintained for teachers under AB 375. Under this rule, teachers would continue to be prohibited from being members of the Industrial Workers of the World.

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

Today in Labor History-April 2

April 2, 1863--Bread riots occurred in Richmond, Virginia, as a result of a drought the previous year,
combined with a blockade by the Union and overall civil war-related shortages. Food riots occurred throughout the South around this time, led primarily by women. During the Richmond riot, women broken into storehouses and shops, stealing food, clothing and jewelry before the militia was able to restore order. (Source: Wikipedia)

April 2, 1903--Mexican police fired on more than 10,000 protestors, killing 15 and wounding many more. People had been protesting the reelection of General Bernardo Reyes as governor of Nuevo Leon, who was aligned with Mexico's brutal dictator, Porfirio Diaz. (From the Daily Bleed)

April 2, 1908--Italian police shot and killed workers at a funeral for a comrade who was killed in an industrial accident.(From the Daily Bleed)

 April 2, 1919--A Canadian ban on the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) was lifted at WWI came to an end. (From the Daily Bleed)


Wednesday, March 27, 2013

Today In Labor History: March 27

March 27, 1912: Start of the 8-month Northern railway strike in Canada by the IWW. Wobblies picketed employment offices in Vancouver, Seattle, San Francisco, Tacoma and Minneapolis in order to block the hiring of scabs.

Fellow workers pay attention to what I'm going to mention,
For it is the fixed intention of the Workers of the World.
And I hope you'll all be ready, true-hearted, brave and steady,
To gather 'round our standard when the red flag is unfurled.

CHORUS:
Where the Fraser river flows, each fellow worker knows,
They have bullied and oppressed us, but still our union grows.
And we're going to find a way, boys, for shorter hours and better pay, boys
And we're going to win the day, boys, where the river Fraser flows.

For these gunny-sack contractors have all been dirty actors,
And they're not our benefactors, each fellow worker knows.
So we've got to stick together in fine or dirty weather,
And we will show no white feather, where the Fraser river flows.
Now the boss the law is stretching, bulls and pimps he's fetching,
And they are a fine collection, as Jesus only knows.
But why their mothers reared them, and why the devil spared them,
Are questions we can't answer, where the Fraser River flows.
(Lyrics by Joe Hill, 1912, to the tune of “Where the River Shannon Flows.”)

(Sources: IWW, Its First Seventy Year, by Fred Thompson and Patrick Murfin, and Daily Bleed).

Saturday, March 23, 2013

Today in Labor History—March 23


March 23, 1871 – Communes were proclaimed in Lyon and Marseilles. The Paris Commune began the day before. (From the Daily Bleed)

March 23, 1918 – 101 Wobblies (members of the Industrial Workers of the World, IWW) went on trial in Chicago for opposing World War I. They were tried for violating the Espionage Act. In September, 1917, 165 IWW leaders were arrested for conspiring to subvert the draft, and encourage desertion. Their trial lasted five months, the longest criminal trial in American history up to that time. The jury found them all guilty. The judge sentenced Big Bill Haywood and 14 others to 20 years in prison. 33 others were given 10 years each. They were also fined a total of $2,500,000. The trial virtually destroyed the IWW. Haywood jumped bail and fled to the USSR, where he remained until his death 10 years later.
(From the Daily Bleed)

March 23, 1932—The Norris-La Guardia Act  proclaimed that yellow-dog contracts requiring workers to promise not to join a union were unenforceable. The law also limited the courts' ability to issue injunctions against strikes. (From the Daily Bleed)

March 23, 1970 - President Richard Nixon declared a national emergency and ordered 30,000 troops to New York City to break the first nationwide postal strike. (From Workday Minnesota)

Friday, March 15, 2013

Today in Labor History—March 15


March 15, 1877 -- Ben Fletcher, African-American IWW organizer was born on this date. Fletcher organized longshoremen in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (From the Daily Bleed)

March 15, 1887 - The International Union of Painters and Allied Trades was founded on this date. Today they represent more than 140,000 members in the construction industry, such as Painters, Drywall Finishers, Glaziers, Floor Coverers, and Sign and Display workers. (From Workday Minnesota)
 
March 15, 1917 - The U.S. Supreme Court approved the 8-hour workday under the threat of a rail strike. (From the Daily Bleed) 

March 15, 1920 - The Workers Council movement began a strike in Turin, Italy, which spread to other northern cities by April. Factories were taken over and occupied by workers, who ran them under their own leadership and rules, bypassing and ignoring the bosses. The government sent warships to Turin to land soldiers sent to quash the uprising.
(From the Daily Bleed)

Thursday, March 14, 2013

Today in Labor History—March 14


Marx's Tomb, Highgate Cemetary, London (Image by JohnArmagh)
March 14, 1883 – Karl Marx died on this date in England, age 64. (From the Daily Bleed)

March 14, 1912 - Textile manufacturers surrendered and gave in to most of the demands made by Lawrence, Massachusetts textile workers. The IWW-organized strike involved 32,000 mostly immigrant women and children and lasted 10 weeks
As we go marching, marching, we battle too for men,
For they are women's children, & we mother them again.
Our lives shall not be sweated from birth until life closes;
Hearts starve as well as bodies; give us bread, but give us roses.
 (From the Daily Bleed and Workday Minnesota)

March 14, 1914 – The United Farmers of Ontario was founded on this date at Toronto's Labor Temple.

March 14, 1944 - TWU organized Philadelphia transit workers into local 234. (From the Daily Bleed)

Monday, March 11, 2013

Today in Labor History—March 11

March 11, 1811 - Luddites attacked looms near Nottingham. (From the Daily Bleed)


March 11, 1812 - Luddites suffered their first defeat at Rawkolds Mill, England.
(From the Daily Bleed)


March 11, 1833 -  U.S. invaded Nicaragua to protect Nicaraguan workers, er, U.S. business interests in that country. (From the Daily Bleed)


March 11, 1845 - Maori uprising against British rule began on this date. (From the Daily Bleed)


March 11, 1858 - The Great Indian Mutiny (March 9-16)--also known as the Sepoy Rebellion--ended with massacres and harsh reprisals against the Indian protesters by the British.
(From the Daily Bleed)


March 11, 1930 - Mahatma Gandhi began his Salt March on this date. Marching from Ahmadabad to Delhi, Indians were protesting the salt tax and exposing the tyranny of British rule in India. (From Workday Minnesota)

March 11, 1937 -  The MacBeth mine exploded in West Virginia, killing 18 workers. (From the Daily Bleed)

March 11, 1950 - TWA maintenance workers won an 11-day strike. They won severance pay and limits on subcontracting.
(From the Daily Bleed)

March 11, 1976 - Cesar Chavez ended another fast (this one for 23 days). 
(From the Daily Bleed)



Saturday, March 9, 2013

Today in Labor History—March 9



Engraving of the Amistad Mutiny, 1840 (from Wikipedia)
March 9, 1841 - The U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling that freed the remaining 35 survivors of the Amistad mutiny. In 1839, Joseph Cinque led 52 fellow captive Africans in a revolt on the Spanish schooner Amistad. The U.S. Navy captured the ship and President Martin Van Buren wanted to send the prisoners back to Spanish authorities in Cuba to stand trial for mutiny. But the U.S. courts recognized their rights as free citizens. (From Workday Minnesota)
Carlo Tresca, 1910 (from the Daily Bleed)
 March 9, 1879 – Anarchist militant and IWW organizer Carlo Tresca was born on this date. Tresca was an outspoken opponent of Fascism in Germany and Italy and of Soviet Communism. Tresca was murdered by an unknown assailant, presumably by fascists or the Mafia. Tresca was one of the main organizers of the Patterson Silk Strike. (From the Daily Bleed)
 
Salt of the Earth, Part I
March 9, 1902 - Actor Will Geer was born on this date in 1902. Best known for his role as Grandpa Walton, Geer also appeared in the groundbreaking film “Salt of the Earth,” which portrayed the struggle of Mexican American workers at the Empire Zinc Mine. He was blacklisted for his activism on labor and political issues. (From Workday Minnesota)
Frank Little's Tombstone (from Peoples World)
 March 9, 1911 – Frank Little and other IWW (Wobblies) free-speech fighters were released from jail in Fresno, California. Little was later murdered by mine owners in Montana. (From the Daily Bleed)

March 9, 1919 – An overflow crowd of Twin Cities residents attend a showing of “The Blacklist,” a film depicting the massacre of miners and their families in Ludlow, Colorado, which occurred five years before. (From Workday Minnesota)

Wednesday, March 6, 2013

Today in Labor History—March 6


Dred Scott (image from Wikipedia)
March 6, 1857 – The Dred Scott decision by the U.S. Supreme Court opened up federal territories to slavery and denied citizenship to blacks. (From the Daily Bleed)
1932 Version of the Little Red Songbook (from Wikipedia)

March 6, 1913 – Joe Hill's song "There is Power in a Union" first appeared in the IWW's Little Red Song Book. (From the Daily Bleed)

March 6, 1925 –Cape Breton, Canada, mine workers struck the British Empire Steel Corporation (BESCO). (From the Daily Bleed)

March 6, 1930 – 100,000 people demonstrated for jobs in New York City. Demonstrations by unemployed workers demanding unemployment insurance were occurring in virtually every major U.S. city. In New York, police attacked a crowd of 35,000. In Cleveland, 10,000 people battled police. In Detroit, a Communist Party organized unemployment demonstration brought out more than 50,000. Thousands took to the streets in Toledo, Flint and Pontiac. These demonstrations led to the creation of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), sponsored by Republican congressman Hamilton Fish, with the support of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), to investigate and quash radical activities. (From the Daily Bleed)

March 6, 1930 – A National Trade-Union Unity League council in Madison, Wisconsin, marching around Capitol Square, was attacked by UW students. Council leader Lottie Blumenthal was thrown to the ground, while students attacked other marchers and destroyed their banners and pamphlets. One of the athletes who was arrested said: "We are getting so damned many radical Jews here that something must be done." (From the Daily Bleed)

March 6, 1930 – Police killed four workers in Detroit who were demanding jobs. (From the Daily Bleed)

March 6, 1942 – Tom Mooney died on this date. Mooney was an Irish-American IWW organizer and 22-year political prisoner, locked up on trumped up charges for the San Francisco Preparedness Day bombing in 1916. (From the Daily Bleed. For more on Mooney, see here, here and here).

March 6, 1972 – A Wildcat strike occurred at the Lordstown, Ohio GM plant. (From the Daily Bleed)

March 6, 1978 - President Jimmy Carter invoked the Taft-Hartley law to quash the 1977-78 national contract strike by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA). The UMWA had been striking since December 1977, but rejected a tentative contract agreement in early March 1978. Carter invoked the national emergency provision of Taft-Hartley and strikers were ordered back to work, but they ignored the order and the government did little to enforce it. Eventually a settlement was reached and ratified in late March. (From Workday Minnesota)

March 6, 1984 – A year-long coal strike began on this date in England. (From the Daily Bleed)

Monday, March 4, 2013

Today in Labor History—March 4

March 4, 1634 – The first American tavern opened on this date in Boston, Massachusetts. (From the Daily Bleed)
Union Stockyards, Chicago, 1870s (from Wikipedia)
 March 4, 1865 - Union Stockyards opened in Chicago, establishing the Windy City as the world's largest meat packing center by the end of the decade. Thousands of workers migrated to Chicago to work in the yards, leading to the organizing of numerous unions and the establishment of Chicago as one of the nation’s union strongholds. (From Workday Minnesota)

March 4, 1908 -- Lakeview School, in Collinwood, Ohio, caught fire, with 174 children and two teachers dying as a result. (From the Daily Bleed)
Anti-IWW Cartoon from the Spokane Spokesman Review, 1909 (Image from WAFreePress)

March 4, 1910—The Industrial Workers of the World won their free speech fight in Spokane, Washington, when the licenses of 18 “employment” agencies were revoked. The campaign was intended to dissuade workers from “buying” jobs in the streets from the job sharks (“employment” agencies) that routinely swindled workers. The fight began in late 1908 and continued through 1909. (From the Daily Bleed)


March 4, 1937 – The UAW won their sit-down strike in Flint, Michigan. The strike at the Fisher Body Plant Number One lasted 40 days and was the longest sit-down strike in history. 5,000 armed workers circled the plant to protect the workers inside. Following police attacks with tear-gas, workers fought back with fire hoses. 13 workers were injured by police gunfire. By the time the National Guard arrived, sympathy strikes had spread to GM plants across the country. (From the Daily Bleed)

March 4, 1989 - The International Association of Machinists struck Eastern Airlines, with 8,500 ramp service workers, mechanics, aircraft cleaners and stock clerks joined by 6,000 flight attendants and 3,400 pilots in the nationwide strike. (From Workday Minnesota)

Saturday, March 2, 2013

Today in Labor History—March 2


Whipping an Enslaved Male, Serro Frio, Brazil, ca. 1770s
March 2, 1807 - Congress abolished the African slave trade. The first American slave ship, Desire, sailed from Marblehead, Massachussetts, in 1637. Since then, nearly 15 million blacks had been transported as slaves to the Americas. Overall, the African continent had lost 50 million people to slavery and the deaths associated with it. Another 250,000 slaves were continued to be imported illegally up to the Civil War. (From Workday Minnesota and the Daily Bleed)

March 2, 1937 - John L. Lewis, president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) and U.S. Steel President Myron Taylor signed an agreement recognizing the Steel Workers Organizing Committee as the sole representative for its workforce. The contract also included a 40-hour work week and pay for overtime. (From Workday Minnesota)
Judi Bari Portrait from the Lucha Continua mural, 3260 23rd St., Mission District, San Francisco (Image by Gary Soup)

March 2, 1997 – Earth First! activist and IWW organizer Judi Bari (b.1949) died on this date from cancer. Bari and her comrade Darryl Cherney survived a terrorist bomb in Oakland, CA, in 1990. The police and FBI immediately blamed her for the bombing, claiming that she was the terrorist and that the bomb was intended for the logging companies. She was arrested and handcuffed to her hospital bed. Bari and Cherney were eventually exonerated and won a hefty settlement for the FBI’s role in violating their civil liberties. (From the Daily Bleed)